Emergency Contraceptive

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Emergency Contraceptive

What is Emergency Contraception?

Emergency contraception (EC) is a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure (such as a broken condom or missed pill).

In Ireland, two types of emergency contraceptive pills are available:

Levonorgestrel

  • • Effective up to 72 hours (3 days) after intercourse
  • • Can be used up to 120 hours (5 days) with reduced effectiveness
  • • Available over the counter from pharmacies
  • • No prescription needed
  • • Safe to use while breastfeeding

Ulipristal (Ella)

  • • Effective up to 120 hours (5 days) after intercourse
  • • Works better than levonorgestrel at 72+ hours
  • • Requires a prescription
  • • More effective for women with higher BMI
  • • Not recommended while breastfeeding

How Effective is Emergency Contraception?

Effectiveness depends on the type of medication used and when it is taken:

Levonorgestrel Effectiveness

Within 24 hours95%
24-48 hours75%
48-72 hours58%

Ulipristal Effectiveness

0-72 hours98%
72-120 hours95%

More effective at higher BMI

Time is critical: The sooner you take emergency contraception after unprotected sex, the more effective it is. Don't delay - visit your pharmacy today.

When Should I Use Emergency Contraception?

Consider emergency contraception if any of the following apply:

Unprotected sexual intercourse
Condom burst or slipped off during sex
Missed or took pills incorrectly
Diaphragm or cap dislodged or not used
Intrauterine device (IUD) removed accidentally
Sexual assault or abuse
Pressure or coercion to have unprotected sex

How Does Emergency Contraception Work?

Emergency contraceptive pills work by delaying or preventing ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary). They do not interrupt an established pregnancy.

Levonorgestrel (Progestin-only)

Works primarily by inhibiting or delaying ovulation. It is a synthetic hormone similar to progesterone naturally produced in the body.

Ulipristal (Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulator)

Works by blocking progesterone receptors, preventing the hormone surge that triggers ovulation. More effective at delaying ovulation than levonorgestrel.

Side Effects

Most side effects are mild and temporary. Common side effects include:

Nausea or stomach upset

Mild

Usually within 24 hours

Tiredness or fatigue

Mild

May last 24-48 hours

Headache

Mild to moderate

Usually within first few hours

Dizziness

Mild

Typically resolves quickly

Breast tenderness

Mild

May continue a few days

Changes to menstrual cycle

Mild

Period may be early or late

Serious side effects are rare. If you experience chest pain, severe headache, or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention.

Special Considerations

Breastfeeding

Levonorgestrel is safe while breastfeeding. A small amount passes into breast milk, but it is not harmful to infants. Ulipristal is not recommended during breastfeeding.

Body Weight

Levonorgestrel may be less effective for women weighing over 75 kg. Ulipristal is more effective for all body weights. Discuss with your pharmacist if you have concerns.

Medications

Some medications can reduce effectiveness, particularly epilepsy medications and tuberculosis drugs. Always inform your pharmacist of all medications you are taking.

Allergies

Tell your pharmacist if you are allergic to levonorgestrel or ulipristal. Discuss alternative options if needed.

After Taking Emergency Contraception

Pregnancy Testing

Take a pregnancy test at least 21 days after unprotected intercourse. If positive, contact your GP immediately. EC will not harm an established pregnancy.

Your Period

Your period may be early or late. Most periods return to normal within one or two cycles. If your period is more than 5 days late, take a pregnancy test.

Contraception

If you use hormonal contraception, you can start or continue immediately after taking EC. Use barrier protection (condoms) for the first 7 days. Discuss options with your pharmacist.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

EC does not protect against STIs. If you are concerned about STI exposure, contact your pharmacy or GP for testing and advice.

Important Information

Emergency contraception is:

  • ✓ A safe backup option when primary contraception fails
  • ✓ NOT a regular contraceptive method
  • ✓ NOT as effective as regular contraception
  • ✓ Best used as an emergency measure only

For regular contraception, consider:

  • • The contraceptive pill (daily pill)
  • • Implant (small rod under the skin)
  • • Intrauterine device (IUD/coil)
  • • Injection (every 8-12 weeks)
  • • Barrier methods (condoms, diaphragm)
  • • Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC)

Need Emergency Contraception?

Visit your local pharmacy today. Fast, discreet, and confidential service.

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External Resources

For more information on emergency contraception and sexual health:

Citizens Information

Comprehensive guide on contraception and sexual health.

HSE - Sexual Health

Official health information and sexual health services.

Frequently Asked Questions

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